Grounding rules

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CODE (PUE), 2002

The revised and expanded edition, with changesThe Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation

...Chapters 1.1, 1.2, 1.7, 1.9, 7.5, 7.6, 7.10 are published in the wording of the SEVENTH EDITION (2002) ... Effective as of January 1, 2003 

The Electrical Installation Code (PUE) applies to newly built and modernized installations operated at AC and DC voltage up to 750 kV ...

• Open the document: paragraphs 1.7.1 to 01.07.79 (a separate page)
• Open the document: paragraphs 7.1.80 to 1.7.119 (a separate page)
• Open the document: paragraphs 1.7.120 to 1.7.177 (a separate page)
• Download Section 1.7 (pdf)

GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION OF GROUNDING IN WIRE COMMUNICATION INSTALLATIONS AND RADIO RELAY UNITS

(with changes due to the original document OCR). Version 1)
The Ministry of Communications of the USSR, 1971

The guidelines describe a lot of grounding topics, including basic definitions, grounding resistance calculations from simple to complex electrodes, the methods of grounding resistance reduction in difficult soils, etc ...

A number of changes and shortenings were made in the document in the course of editing after the original document OCR (at editor's discretion).

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RD 45.155-2000

GROUNDING AND POTENTIAL EQUALIZATION OF BIBER-OPTICAL LINK EQUIPMENT AT WIRE COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
The Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation

These guidelines are mandatory for newly designed and modernized wire communication facilities where fiber-optic communication line (FOCL) equipment of Russia's UCS backbone and regional area networks is installed. The provisions of these guidelines are recommended for the implementation on existing facilities ...

Open the document: chapters 1 to 11 (a separate page)

Open the document: chapters 12 to 15 (a separate page)

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 RD 153-34.0-20.525-00

GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF CONDITION OF ELECTRICAL GROUNDING DEVICES AT ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
RAO "UES of Russia"

^{... describes control and test methods of substations and overhead line supports grounding, as well as disruptive fuse and phase-zero circuits  (in installations up to 1000 V) during the operation and acceptance of newly constructed or modernized grounding. The document also specifies instruments used in the process.}

Open the document: chapters 1 to 3 (a separate page)

Open the document: chapters 3 through 6 (a separate page)

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RULES OF TECHNICAL OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL CONSUMERS (PTEEP)

MINISTRY OF ENERGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

^{The rules are designed to ensure the reliable, safe and efficient operation of electrical installations and keeping them in good working condition ... 
The rules are applicable to organizations irrespective of their form of ownership and legal organizational form, individual entrepreneurs, and the private owners of electric installations with a voltage of over 1000 V (hereinafter referred to as Consumers)... 
The rules do not apply to the electrical installations of power stations, switching stations, as well as enterprises operating electric grids and thermal networks in accordance with the rules of technical operation of electric power stations and grids...}

Open the document (a separate page) (chapters 2.7 and 2.8)

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What is the protective grounding and how to build it

Electrician's library. Gosenergoizdat, 1959
(From Mr. A. N. Preobrazhensky's collection)

_{The brochure provides basic ideas about grounding protection designation in electrical installations operating at AC voltage up to 35 kV, and their design. It also contains brief information on the calculation and maintenance of grounding devices.}

Open the document: chapters 1 to 6 (a separate page)

Open the document: chapters 7 through 10 (a separate page)

Open the document: chapters 11 to 14 (a separate page)

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Guidelines for the design of automation, telemechanics and communication devices the in railway transport (I-179-89)

The Ministry of Railways of the USSR, GPII "Giprotranssignalsvyaz", 1989
(From Mr. A.N. Preobrazhensky's collection)

^{These guidelines cover the design aspects of  grounding devices, grounding, and neutral earthing of stationary (fixed and linear) wire, radio communication facilities and interlocking boxes (EC, TC and AS) on the railway transport.}

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Instructions for the grounding protection of electromedical equipment in the institutions of the Ministry of Health of USSR (1973)

All-Union Scientific and Research Institute for Medical Engineering (VNIIIMT)

This manual applies to all types of electromedical devices, electromedical instruments, electromedical equipment, hereinafter referred to as the electromedical equipment.

Open the document (a separate page)

National Electrical Code (NEC) 2008 Edition (US)

Contents and Chapter 2.250 "Grounding and Bonding"
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

_{The American analogue of the PUE. Chapter 2.250, which describes grounding ...}

The document (PDF) is available upon  request

ATT-TP-76416 (US)

Grounding and Bonding for Network Facilities
American Telephone and Telegraph (AT & T Inc.)

_{Practitioner guidelines on the design, materials selection and installation regulations of the telecommunication equipment grounding protection.}

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ATT-TP-76416-001, accompanying document to the  ATT-TP-76416 (USA)

Grounding and Bonding for Network Facilities - Design Fundamentals
American Telephone and Telegraph (AT & T Inc.)

^{The description of fundamentals, clarifications, and explanations to AT & T's ATT-TP-76416 guidelines, making the more intuitive and easier to use.}

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ATT-TP-76403, accompanying document to the ATT-TP-76416 (USA)

Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Internet Services FacilitiesAmerican Telephone and Telegraph (AT & T Inc.)

^{AT & T's Practical Guide on the design, materials selection and installation regulations of interned services equipment and facilities grounding protection.}

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ARMY TM 5-852-5, AIR FORCE AFR 88-19, volume 5 (USA)

TECHNICAL MANUAL. ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC CONSTRUCTION UTILITIES ....
Departments of the US Army and Air Force

^{Guidelines on the construction of devices (including grounding ones) in the Arctic and sub-Arctic areas for the US Army and Air Force departments. Mainly used in Alaska.}

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MIL-HDBK-419A (USA)

MILITARY HANDBOOK. GROUNDING, BONDING AND SHIELDING FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
Department of defense USA

^{US Department of Defense guidelines on electronic equipment grounding and protective devices.}

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TM 5-690 (USA)

TECHNICAL MANUAL. GROUNDING AND BONDING IN COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTER, INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE (C4ISR) FACILITIES.
Headquarters, Department of the US army

^{The US Army headquarters technical manual on the grounding of command, control, communication, computer facilities, as well surveillance, monitoring and reconnaissance facilities.}

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NWSM 30-4115 (US)

Lightning Protection, Grounding, Bonding, Shielding and Surge Protection RequirementsNational Weather Service

^{Guidelines for the design, acquisition, installation and maintenance of lightning protection devices for use by the US National Weather Service technician.}

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 CNS Manual Vol. V (India)

Communication, Navigation & Surveillance manual.
Lightning & surge protection and earthing system of CNS Installations
Airports Authority of India

^{The guide includes recommendations, procedures and practical guidelines for the protection of plant and personnel against lightning, surge, and transient pulses. In use by the Airports Authority of India.}

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Grounding standards

GOST R 50571.5.54-2013 / IEC 60364-5-54: 2011

Low voltage equipment. Part 5-54. Earthing devices, protective conductors and potential equalization protective conductors

^{This standard sets the requirements for the grounding devices, protective conductors, and protective bonding conductors used for safety in electrical installations.}

Open the document: preface, contents, paragraphs 541 to 542.2.8

Open the document: paragraphs 542.3 ot 544.2.3

Open the document: Annex A, B, C, D, DA, bibliography

GOST R 50571.5.54-2011

Selection and installation of electrical equipment. Grounding devices, protective conductors, and protective bonding conductors.
Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology

^{This standard sets the requirements for grounding devices, protective conductors and protective bonding conductors used to ensure the safety of electrical installations.}

Open the document (a separate page)

GOST 12.1.030-81 amended in 2001

Electrical Safety. Grounding protection. Neutral grounding.
Gosstandart of Russia

_{... The standard applies to the protective grounding and neutral grounding of AC and DC electrical installations operating at a frequency of up to 400 Hz, and establishes the requirements of electrical safety for protective grounding, neutral earthing...}

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GOST 12.1.038-82

Electrical Safety. Maximum allowable values of touch voltages and currents.
The USSR State Committee on Standards

^{... Sets the maximum allowable values ​​of touch voltage and currents flowing through the human body. The values are intended for the design of safety products and methods to protect people interacting with industrial and household electrical installations operating at 50 Hz and 400 Hz AC and DC.}

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GOST R 50571.10-96 (IEC 364-5-54-80)

Grounding devices and protective conductors.
Gosstandart of Russia

^{... Establishes the requirements for grounding devices and protective conductors of electrical installations.}

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GOST R 50571.21-2000 (IEC 60364-5-548-96)

Grounding devices and bonding systems in electrical installations that containin data processing hardware
Gosstandart of Russia

^{... the requirements for the equipment designed to eliminate or limit overvoltage that may cause faulty operation of IT hardware, as well as any other electronic equipment sensitive to interference, for example, medical or laboratory equipment, etc ...}

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GOST R 50571.22-2000 (IEC 60364-7-707-84)

Grounding the data processing hardware.
Gosstandart of Russia

^{... requirements to the equipment designed to protect people against electric shock and eliminate or restrict overvoltage that may cause faulty operation of IT hardware or any other electronic equipment sensitive to interference, such as medical, laboratory equipment and etc...}

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GOST 464-79
to replace GOST 464-68

Grounding for fixed wire communication installation, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting units and communal TV antennas.
The USSR State Committee on Standards

_{... Applies to the fixed and linear systems of wire communication facilities, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting units, the installations of selective railway communications and communal TV antennas (CTVA) to be equipped with stationary grounding devices. The document establishes the standards of grounding device resistance that ensure normal operation of the above structures and installations, as well as the norms of operating personnel safety.}

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GOST R 50669-94

Power supply and electrical safety of relocatable (inventory) buildings made of metal or having metal frames and used for street trading and consumer servicesGosstandart of Russia

^{... Establishes technical requirements for the power supply and electrical safety of relocatable (inventory) buildings made of metal or having metal frames and used for street trading and consumer services ...}

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GOST R 50462-2009

Basic safety principles and guidelines for the "man-to-machine" interface: implementation and identification. Color-coded and alphanumeric identification of conductors.
Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of the Russian Federation

^{... general rules for the use of certain colors and alphanumeric characters to identify conductors with the aim of ensuring the operational safety of electrical equipment and installations. Conductor color codes and alphanumeric designations set by this standard are intended for use and cable products, buses, electrical equipment, and electrical installations}

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Federal Standard No. S24.802 (USA)

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUND OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

^{... sets the standard electrical, electronic and mechanical requirements for electronic equipment grounding.}

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Federal Standard No. S24.809 (USA)

GROUNDING STANDARD

^{... sets the standard electrical, electronic and mechanical requirements for electronic equipment grounding.}

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IEEE Std 142-1991 (USA)

Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

^{Recommended solutions for the grounding of industrial and commercial power grids.}

The document (PDF) is available upon  request

IEEE Std 142-2007 (US)Replacement for Std 142-1991

Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

^{Recommended solutions for the grounding of industrial and commercial power grids.}

The document (PDF) is available upon  request

IEEE Std 602-1996 (USA)

Recommended Practice for Electric Systems in Health Care FacilitiesInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

^{Recommended solutions for electric systems in health care facilities.}

The document (PDF) is available upon  request

IEEE Std 1100-1999 (USA)

Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

^{Recommended solutions for the power supply and grounding of electronic equipment.}

The document (PDF) is available upon  request

MIL-STD-1542B (USA)

MILITARY STANDARD. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACE SYSTEM FACILITIESDepartment of defense USA

^{The US Department of Defense standard for electromagnetic compatibility and requirements for the grounding of aerospace system facilities.}

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FAA-STD-019e (USA)

LIGHTNING AND SURGE PROTECTION GROUNDING, BONDING, AND SHIELDING REQUIREMENTS FOR FACILITIES AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTDepartment of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

^{The industry standard for the design of lightning protection devices adopted in the department of the US Federal Aviation Administration.}

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Webinar «Future of the Russian Lightning Protection (an Optimistic Version)», page 2 Webinar «Future of the Russian Lightning Protection (an Optimistic Version)», page 3 Lightning Protection in Georgia: Lost in Translation Lightning Protection in Kyrgyzstan: Follow the Guide to Conquer Mountains! Creeping Discharges in the Lightning Protection. Page 3 The Evolution of Lightning Protection Regulations Protecting Fire Alarm Systems against Direct and Indirect Lightning Exposure