Введение
Electrolytic ground terminals have unique properties that provide low grounding resistance by creating an area around the electrode that is constantly saturated with electrolyte. This effect is achieved by a special filler placed inside the tubular electrode. The filler consists of a mixture of mineral salts that is activated by interaction with moisture from the surrounding soil. This interaction creates a zone of reduced resistance, allowing the current to flow efficiently.
Advantages and features of electrolytic ground terminals
The fundamental advantage of electrolytic ground terminals is that they provide a low specific resistivity zone, increasing grounding efficiency. However, as a result of the presence of salts, the electrolyte also lowers the freezing point of the soil. It is important to emphasize that the electrolyte does not heat the soil, and no "hot spring" is formed around the electrode; the freezing temperature of the soil is only changed, which in typical soil is similar to the freezing temperature of water. This causes the formation of a talik zone - the area where the soil's freezing temperature is lower than it would be under natural conditions. It is crucial to take this effect into account when dealing with permafrost soils.
Impact of the Talik Zone on Foundation Structures
If the electrolytic electrode is installed too close to the building foundation, the talik zone can cause deformation due to temperature fluctuations and soil conditions. In thawed soil saturated with water, freezing causes the effect of frost heave - the expansion of the soil, which puts pressure on the foundation. Later, after thawing, the soil returns to its original volume. These fluctuations can damage the foundation and cause it to split, especially in permafrost soils.
On average, the talik zone's radius around the electrode is 1.5 meters If the electrode is installed closer to the foundation, the difference in the deformation of the thawed and normal soil can create an uneven impact on the foundation, causing tensile forces. Such forces are especially harmful to the building because they act more intensely than soil expansion. Moreover, the electrolyte in the melted area penetrates the foundation's pores more aggressively than regular moisture, which can lead to damage to the concrete structure and delamination.
Recommendations for secure positioning
To avoid potential damage to the foundation, it is important to consider the distance between the electrolytic ground terminal and the building. In conditions of permafrost soils, it is recommended to place the electrodes at a distance with a reserve - at least 3 meters from the foundation. This eliminates the talik zone's influence on the building structure, preventing the effects of frost heave and other factors.
Conclusion
When designing electrolytic grounding systems, it is important to consider the size of the talik zone and install the electrodes at a safe distance from the foundation. This will ensure the stability of the structure and prevent possible damage due to changes in soil conditions. In order to ensure the dependability and longevity of construction facilities, it is crucial to observe the placement distances of electrolytic ground terminals.
By following the recommendations outlined in the article, you can be confident that the electrolytic ground terminals will work efficiently and safely. Proper placement and installation make such ground terminals completely safe for all types of structures, including those built on permafrost.
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